On 29-30 April 2025, representatives from 21 Prague Process participating states gathered in Denmark for a Prague Process study visit hosted by the Danish Ministries of Immigration and Integration, and Foreign Affairs. The visit, organised under Thematic Component 2 on return, readmission and reintegration (RRR), provided a hands-on opportunity to explore Denmark’s comprehensive approach to this priority area, identified as one of the top concerns among the areas covered by the PP Action Plan 2023-2027.
Over two days, participants examined Denmark’s shift from police-led return operation to a more structured, agency-based model. This transition reflects a broader strategy built on legal clarity, institutional coherence, and strategic international partnerships. Discussions highlighted how Denmark leverages inter-ministerial cooperation and development assistance to align return efforts with broader foreign policy goals. Participants also received a preview of priorities of Denmark’s upcoming EU Presidency.
The second day focused on operational practices through visits to the Danish Return Agency (DRA) in Birkerød and its facilities at Copenhagen Airport. Established in 2020 and operating under the 2021 Return Act, the DRA consolidates all return-related tasks – from case handling to reintegration support – under a single structure. Its work is grounded in a balance between enforcement and support: financial incentives for voluntary returnees, continuity in case management, and motivational interviewing are used to work with returnees and engage those hesitant or unable to return. The DRA manages the reintegration framework and assistance as well as the national repatriation scheme, supported by the Danish Refugee Council.
Participants gained a clearer picture of how Denmark ensures centralised decision-making, fosters trust through personalised approach, and integrates reintegration as a natural continuation of the return process. Reintegration assistance is offered before departure and followed up post-return, while long-term development aid is strategically linked to partner countries’ cooperation on readmission. Denmark’s efforts to uphold fundamental rights are reinforced through external oversight mechanisms, including cooperation with the Parliamentary Ombudsman.
Challenges persist, particularly in handling non-removable cases, returns without formal readmission agreements, and cases involving misuse of procedures. Denmark’s’ approach includes open return centres managed jointly by the state and NGOs, as well as sustained diplomatic engagement to overcome recurring obstacles.
The visit confirmed the relevance of Denmark’s structured and adaptive approach as a valuable point of reference. Its strategic mix of enforcement, incentives, and diplomacy offers practical insights for strengthening return systems across the Prague Process region.
